What’s the IL-18 and its ability?

The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-18 (IL-18, also called interferon-gamma inducing factor) is produced by macrophages, dendritic cells, and other cells. IL-18 is a member of the IL-1 superfamily and can induce several cells to produce different cytokines in response to various situations. ^[1-4]

How does IL-18 be used in cell therapy?

♦ γδT cells
Due to the γδT cells MHC-unrestricted character, studies both in vivo and in vitro have demonstrated that γδT cells may recognize a variety of tumor cells and perform anticancer functions. ^[5] However, the effectiveness of γδT cells therapy was limited by the survival and proliferation of adoptively transferred γδT cells in vivo. ^{[6, 7]} To increase the therapeutic benefits of γδT cell-based therapies, novel approaches are therefore required to differentiate and produce long-lived anti-tumor γδT cells. Compared to γδT cells that were treated without IL-18, those that were incubated with IL-18 produced much more GM-CSF, IFN-γ, and TNF-α and enhanced the cytotoxic activity toward the tumor cells. The growth of a mesothelioma xenograft in mice was slowed and they demonstrated high cytotoxicity against tumor cells, including mesothelioma cells. These findings suggest that IL-18 successfully boosts γδT cells growth with substantial anticancer activity. ^[8] Furthermore, the studies also found a very powerful ex vivo-expanded Vγ9Vδ2 T cell activator which is the combination of IL-12 and IL-18, and these two cytokines are capable of increasing the level of granzymes and IFN-γ together while decreasing the expression of the co-inhibitory receptor, the B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA). ^[9]




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Ref.

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